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Bernt Balchen
Bernt Balchen (23 October 1899 – 17 October 1973) was a pioneer polar aviator, navigator, aircraft mechanical engineer and military leader. A Norwegian native, he later became a U.S. citizen, and was a recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross. His service in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II made use of his Arctic exploration expertise to help the Allies over Scandinavia and Northern Europe. After the war, Balchen continued to be an influential leader with the U.S. Air Force, as well as a highly regarded private consultant in projects involving the Arctic and aviation.〔Glines 1999, pp. 268–273.〕
==Early years==
The son of a country doctor, Balchen was born at the farm Myren in Tveit, just outside of Kristiansand, Norway. After having finished Norwegian middle school in 1916, he attended a Forestry School from 1917–1918.〔Henriksen, Vera. ("Bernt Balchen." ) ''Store Norske Leksikon''. Retrieved: 28 January 2013.〕 Next he enrolled in the French Foreign Legion, and his unit was assigned to the Verdun front in World War I.〔Glines 1999, p. 21.〕 In 1918, before seeing action, Balchen was called back to Norway. He transferred to the Norwegian Army, and was sent to an artillery school, where he graduated shortly after.〔
Under an assumed name, Balchen fought as a cavalryman with the White Guards in the Finnish Civil War that followed the end of major hostilities. During a cavalry charge, his horse was shot from under him and he was left for dead on the battlefield.〔Simmons 1965, p. 27.〕 Having received serious wounds that required a lengthy convalescence, Balchen turned to an early interest in athletics and trained strenuously as a boxer to represent Norway in the 1920 Olympics. Besides being a championship boxer, he was also an expert marksman and an accomplished skier.〔Simmons 1965, p. 31.〕 Balchen was very knowledgeable about wilderness and northern survival, skills that he would later exploit.
While waiting for his acceptance as an Olympian, Balchen received word that he also qualified for flight training, resulting in his decision to become a pilot in the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service in 1921.〔("Bernt Balchen Bio." ) ''snowsymposium.org.'' Retrieved: 8 September 2010.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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